"Taken from www.kuching.net.my"
At the beginning of the 19th century, Sarawak was a typical Malay principality, under the control of the Sultan of Brunei. Apart from occasional piracy on the coast and headhunting in the interior; Sarawak was peaceful. All of this changed when the Sultan of Brunei appointed a hugely unpopular Governor. The Malays and Bidayuhs of the Sarawak River revolted in 1836 and declared independence. An ugly guerrilla war ensued, which continued until 1839, when James Brooke, a young, wealthy Englishman arrived on the scene in his well-armed yacht, The Royalist.
Brooke set himself up as a freelance adventurer and the Sultan’s uncle immediately asked him to help put down the rebellion. Brooke readily agreed. The spears and muskets of the rebels were no match for a modern warship and the conflict soon ended. As a reward, the grateful Sultan made Brooke the Rajah of Sarawak in 1841. Brooke was not content to rule over a small riverside town, and set out to pacify his new kingdom, with the help of the British Navy. At the time of his death in 1868, Sarawak was a relatively peaceful territory covering the area between Tanjung Datu (which is now the Indonesian border) and Kuching.
James Brooke’s nephew Charles, who succeeded him, was no adventurer like his uncle, but an excellent administrator and politician. He set up a proper system of government, gradually expanding his area of control until it formed the present day Sarawak. His legacy is everywhere in Kuching. It was he who built the Astana, Fort Margherita, the Courthouse, the Sarawak Museum and many other fine buildings. Charles Brooke died in 1917, and was succeeded by his son, Charles Vyner Brooke, who built on his father’s achievements and improved the general administration of the state. In 1941 he set up State Council to oversee the passing of new laws, bringing the first stirrings of democracy to Sarawak. The rule of the State Council was short-lived, as the Japanese invaded at the end of the same year.
When the Japanese surrendered in September 1945, Sarawak came under Australian military administration. Vyner Brooke felt the state would be better off as a colony and ceded it to Britain. This move was very unpopular and resulted in the assassination of the Governor, Duncan Stewart, in 1949. Order was eventually restored and the colonial administration concentrated on preparing Sarawak for independence. In 1963, Sarawak and Sabah gained independence by joining with Malaya to form the new nation of Malaysia.
неделя, 9 ноември 2008 г.
четвъртък, 11 септември 2008 г.
An Intro to Rosly Dhoby---- Surat untuk rakyat Sarawak
This is an excerpt of Sarawak's greatest hero, Almarhum Rosly Dhobi. Let me introduce 1st the historical letter for which what all Sarawakian young and old should hold fast.
This letter was written prior to his assasination by the British in Kuching Central Prison in 2nd of March 1950
Dengan secharek kertas ini dan se‑putung pensil untuk renungan sepanjang masa. Saya si‑penulis Rosli Dhobi dalam lindungan Permai. Saudara2 dan saudari2 sa‑perjuangan, saya ta' lama lagi akan meninggalkan jejak tanah tumpah darakku yang ku chintai, dan utama sekali ayah bunda yang ku kasehi dan saudara2 semua, dengan nama Allah sifat pemurah dan pengampun saya menyusun 10 jari mohon ampun dan maaf atas kesalahan saya yang telah terjadi selama ini, saga sanggup berkorban nyawa untuk memperbaiki raayat yang telah di‑ budaki oleh penjajah, saya mengaku dan terima apa2 kesalahan di dunia ini saya ta'genter saya ta'takut mati, saya terima hukuman yang telah di jatohkan di‑mahkamah.
Saya berdoa kepada Allah s. w. t. Saudara2 saudari2 di‑akhir kelak balek ke‑pengkuan Ibu‑pertiwi. Sungguh begitu saya sudah sanggup menghapuskan orang putih yang berasin dan datang‑nya tetapi saya sudah tidak ada di dunia ini nama saya tetap harum seluroh Dunia sa‑genap plusuk. Akhir kata, hey! Saudara2 Saudari2 sekalian berjuanglah jangan mundur majulah ka hadapan
Amin ya rabbul alamin berkat do a laillahaitlahi Munamada rasululah. Dan saga uchapkan jutaan terima kasih kepada saudara Pa. S. Allah sahajalah yang akan membalas budi jasa‑nya dengan penuh layanan, nasiha yang belom pernah di‑dengar oleh saya dari awal hingga akhir.
Harapan ini surat jangan sekali di‑beri sesiapa pun. Simpan baik‑bai, barangkali di‑lain masa ada guna‑nya.
Ditulis pada 1‑3‑1950
Saya yang akan meninggalkan endah ini,
R.D.
This letter was written prior to his assasination by the British in Kuching Central Prison in 2nd of March 1950
Dengan secharek kertas ini dan se‑putung pensil untuk renungan sepanjang masa. Saya si‑penulis Rosli Dhobi dalam lindungan Permai. Saudara2 dan saudari2 sa‑perjuangan, saya ta' lama lagi akan meninggalkan jejak tanah tumpah darakku yang ku chintai, dan utama sekali ayah bunda yang ku kasehi dan saudara2 semua, dengan nama Allah sifat pemurah dan pengampun saya menyusun 10 jari mohon ampun dan maaf atas kesalahan saya yang telah terjadi selama ini, saga sanggup berkorban nyawa untuk memperbaiki raayat yang telah di‑ budaki oleh penjajah, saya mengaku dan terima apa2 kesalahan di dunia ini saya ta'genter saya ta'takut mati, saya terima hukuman yang telah di jatohkan di‑mahkamah.
Saya berdoa kepada Allah s. w. t. Saudara2 saudari2 di‑akhir kelak balek ke‑pengkuan Ibu‑pertiwi. Sungguh begitu saya sudah sanggup menghapuskan orang putih yang berasin dan datang‑nya tetapi saya sudah tidak ada di dunia ini nama saya tetap harum seluroh Dunia sa‑genap plusuk. Akhir kata, hey! Saudara2 Saudari2 sekalian berjuanglah jangan mundur majulah ka hadapan
Amin ya rabbul alamin berkat do a laillahaitlahi Munamada rasululah. Dan saga uchapkan jutaan terima kasih kepada saudara Pa. S. Allah sahajalah yang akan membalas budi jasa‑nya dengan penuh layanan, nasiha yang belom pernah di‑dengar oleh saya dari awal hingga akhir.
Harapan ini surat jangan sekali di‑beri sesiapa pun. Simpan baik‑bai, barangkali di‑lain masa ada guna‑nya.
Ditulis pada 1‑3‑1950
Saya yang akan meninggalkan endah ini,
R.D.
вторник, 9 септември 2008 г.
Kingdom Of Sarawak
The Kingdom of Sarawak was a state established by Sir James Brooke in 1842 by gaining independence from the Sultanate of Brunei. In 1888 Charles Anthony Johnson Brooke, the successor of James Brooke, accepted a British Protectorate, which it remained until 1946, when the third ruler Charles Vyner Brooke ceded his rights to the United Kingdom
Sarawak was part of the Sultanate of Brunei. During the reign of Pangeran Indera Mahkota, Sarawak was in chaos. Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II (1827-1852) the Sultan of Brunei, ordered Pangeran Muda Hashim in 1839 to restore order and it was during this time that James Brooke arrived in Sarawak. Pangeran Muda Hashim initially requested assistance but James Brooke refused. In 1841, James Brooke paid another visit to Sarawak and this he agreed to assist Pangeran Muda Hashim signed a treaty in 1841 surrendering Sarawak and Sinian to James Brooke. Thereafter, on 24 September 1841, Pangeran Muda Hashim bestowed the title Governor to James Brooke. He effectively became the Rajah of Sarawak and founded the White Rajah Dynasty of Sarawak, later extending his administration through an agreement with the Sultan of Brunei.
James Brooke, who was to become the first White Rajah, received a sizable tract of land from the Sultan. As time went on Sarawak's size would increase tremendously as more territory was leased or annexed from Brunei.
Japanese Invasion
During World War II, Sarawak, as a British protectorate, was brought into the war against Nazi Germany. However, as in World War I, Sarawak had little direct involvement with the conflict aside from providing war materials. However resources for the defence of Sarawak, which was known to be a strategically important goal in the event of an expected Japanese attack, were not available because they were all needed for the defence of the home country. When the Pacific War began in December 1941, Sarawak was brought into the war against Japan on the side of the Allies as part of the British Empire. Sarawak depended upon British protection as she had very limited armed forces, although the Sarawak Rangers were mobilised. In the late 1930s, an air field was constructed near Kuching which could be used as a base for the Royal Air Force in the event of war with Japan, however this proved to be of little use due to the lack of British aircraft available in the Far East. A detachment of Indian Army infantry (2/15th Punjabi regiment) and some anti-aircraft guns were dispatched to Sarawak to support the Sarawak Rangers, however Sarawak was quickly overrun due to the lack of adequate protection. Rajah Vyner was visiting Australia during the time of invasion and was unable to return to Sarawak until its liberation in 1945, despite his attempts to return and launch commando raids to fight the Japanese in the jungle. Sarawak's small merchant marine was used by the British in the Far Eastern campaign, with the sinking of the SS Vyner Brooke resulting in the infamous Banka Island massacre. A government in exile was formed, although it proved ineffectual due to the lack of contact with Sarawak. Sarawak, along with the rest of Borneo, was liberated by the Australian Army in 1945
Cession to the United Kingdom
After the World War II, Vyner Brooke ceded Sarawak to the Colonial Office for a sizeable pension for him and his three daughters. Charles' nephew, Anthony Brooke, who as designated heir bore the title of Rajah Muda, initially opposed cession to the Crown along with a majority of the native members of the Council Negri, or parliament. Duncan Stewart, the second British governor to Sarawak, was assassinated in the resulting unrest. However, there is now no serious movement for the restoration of the monarchy.
The three White Rajahs of Sarawak were:
• Sir James Brooke (1841–1868)
• Sir Charles Anthony Johnson Brooke (1868–1917)
• Sir Charles Vyner Brooke (1917–1946)
When James Brooke first arrived in Sarawak it was governed as a vassal state of the Sultanate of Brunei. When he assumed control of the original area around Kuching in the 1840s much of the system of government was based on the ineffective Bruneian model. James set about reforming the government and eventually creating a civil service known as Sarawak Service which recruited European, mainly British officers to run district outstations. James retained many of the customs and symbols of Malay monarchy and combined them with his own style of absolute rule. The Rajah had the power to introduce laws and also acted as chief judge in Kuching.
While the manner of his departure was controversial, Vyner nonetheless instituted significant political reforms, including ending the absolute rule of the Rajah in 1941 ahead of the Japanese invasion by granting new powers to the Council Negri.
A small paramilitary force, Sarawak Rangers, was formed by Rajah Charles to police and defend the expanding state. This small army also manned a series of forts around the country, performed ceremonial duties and acted as the Rajahs' personal guard.
The Sarawak Rangers were a para-military force founded in 1872 by the second Rajah of Sarawak, Charles Anthony Johnson Brooke. They evolved from the fortmen which were raised to defend Kuching in 1846. The Sarawak Rangers were commanded by a former British Army Officer, Sir William Henry Rodway, and were highly skilled in jungle warfare and general policing duties, being equipped with various western rifles, cannons and native weaponry.
Aside from protecting Sarawak's borders, they were used to fight any rebels and were engaged in a number of campaigns during their history. The Sarawak Rangers were disbanded for a few years in the 1930's, only to be reformed and mobilised for the Second World War in which they attempted to defend Sarawak from Japanese invasion in 1942 at the start of the Pacific War. After the abdication of Charles Vyner Brooke in 1946, the Sarawak Rangers became a colonial unit under direct British control and saw action in both the Malayan Emergency and the Borneo Confrontation
By and large the Brookes pursued a policy of paternalism, aimed at protecting the 'native peoples' from capitalist exploitation but also preventing the same levels of development which were evident in some other parts of the British Empire. While James laid much of the groundwork for the expansion of Sarawak, it was his nephew Charles who was the great builder, both in terms of public buildings, forts and extending the borders of the state.
The Brookes were determined to prevent the peoples of Sarawak from being 'exploited' by Western business interests and formed The Borneo Company to assist in managing the economy. The Borneo Company was also to provide military support to the Brookes during events such as the Chinese Rebellion when one of the company Steamers, The Sir James Brooke was used to assist in the recapture of Kuching.
The architectural legacy of the dynasty can be seen in many of the country's nineteenth century and colonial heritage buildings. In Kuching these include the Astana, or governor's residence, the Old Sarawak Museum, Fort Margherita, the Square Fort, the Old Courthouse and Brooke Memorial. Several key buildings from the Brooke period has been demolished, including the offices and warehouses of Borneo Company.
The period of Brooke rule is generally looked upon favourably in Sarawak, although successive post-federation Malaysian governments have attempted to downplay and to a certain extent, denounce the Brooke Raj. However, modern Kuching still boasts many businesses and attractions which capitalise upon the era of the White Rajahs. The Brooke Dockyard, which was founded in the period of Rajah Charles, is still in operation, as is the original Sarawak Museum. The James Brooke Café and the "Royalist", a pub named after Rajah James Schooner, pay tribute to the Brookes
Sarawak was part of the Sultanate of Brunei. During the reign of Pangeran Indera Mahkota, Sarawak was in chaos. Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II (1827-1852) the Sultan of Brunei, ordered Pangeran Muda Hashim in 1839 to restore order and it was during this time that James Brooke arrived in Sarawak. Pangeran Muda Hashim initially requested assistance but James Brooke refused. In 1841, James Brooke paid another visit to Sarawak and this he agreed to assist Pangeran Muda Hashim signed a treaty in 1841 surrendering Sarawak and Sinian to James Brooke. Thereafter, on 24 September 1841, Pangeran Muda Hashim bestowed the title Governor to James Brooke. He effectively became the Rajah of Sarawak and founded the White Rajah Dynasty of Sarawak, later extending his administration through an agreement with the Sultan of Brunei.
James Brooke, who was to become the first White Rajah, received a sizable tract of land from the Sultan. As time went on Sarawak's size would increase tremendously as more territory was leased or annexed from Brunei.
Japanese Invasion
During World War II, Sarawak, as a British protectorate, was brought into the war against Nazi Germany. However, as in World War I, Sarawak had little direct involvement with the conflict aside from providing war materials. However resources for the defence of Sarawak, which was known to be a strategically important goal in the event of an expected Japanese attack, were not available because they were all needed for the defence of the home country. When the Pacific War began in December 1941, Sarawak was brought into the war against Japan on the side of the Allies as part of the British Empire. Sarawak depended upon British protection as she had very limited armed forces, although the Sarawak Rangers were mobilised. In the late 1930s, an air field was constructed near Kuching which could be used as a base for the Royal Air Force in the event of war with Japan, however this proved to be of little use due to the lack of British aircraft available in the Far East. A detachment of Indian Army infantry (2/15th Punjabi regiment) and some anti-aircraft guns were dispatched to Sarawak to support the Sarawak Rangers, however Sarawak was quickly overrun due to the lack of adequate protection. Rajah Vyner was visiting Australia during the time of invasion and was unable to return to Sarawak until its liberation in 1945, despite his attempts to return and launch commando raids to fight the Japanese in the jungle. Sarawak's small merchant marine was used by the British in the Far Eastern campaign, with the sinking of the SS Vyner Brooke resulting in the infamous Banka Island massacre. A government in exile was formed, although it proved ineffectual due to the lack of contact with Sarawak. Sarawak, along with the rest of Borneo, was liberated by the Australian Army in 1945
Cession to the United Kingdom
After the World War II, Vyner Brooke ceded Sarawak to the Colonial Office for a sizeable pension for him and his three daughters. Charles' nephew, Anthony Brooke, who as designated heir bore the title of Rajah Muda, initially opposed cession to the Crown along with a majority of the native members of the Council Negri, or parliament. Duncan Stewart, the second British governor to Sarawak, was assassinated in the resulting unrest. However, there is now no serious movement for the restoration of the monarchy.
The three White Rajahs of Sarawak were:
• Sir James Brooke (1841–1868)
• Sir Charles Anthony Johnson Brooke (1868–1917)
• Sir Charles Vyner Brooke (1917–1946)
When James Brooke first arrived in Sarawak it was governed as a vassal state of the Sultanate of Brunei. When he assumed control of the original area around Kuching in the 1840s much of the system of government was based on the ineffective Bruneian model. James set about reforming the government and eventually creating a civil service known as Sarawak Service which recruited European, mainly British officers to run district outstations. James retained many of the customs and symbols of Malay monarchy and combined them with his own style of absolute rule. The Rajah had the power to introduce laws and also acted as chief judge in Kuching.
While the manner of his departure was controversial, Vyner nonetheless instituted significant political reforms, including ending the absolute rule of the Rajah in 1941 ahead of the Japanese invasion by granting new powers to the Council Negri.
A small paramilitary force, Sarawak Rangers, was formed by Rajah Charles to police and defend the expanding state. This small army also manned a series of forts around the country, performed ceremonial duties and acted as the Rajahs' personal guard.
The Sarawak Rangers were a para-military force founded in 1872 by the second Rajah of Sarawak, Charles Anthony Johnson Brooke. They evolved from the fortmen which were raised to defend Kuching in 1846. The Sarawak Rangers were commanded by a former British Army Officer, Sir William Henry Rodway, and were highly skilled in jungle warfare and general policing duties, being equipped with various western rifles, cannons and native weaponry.
Aside from protecting Sarawak's borders, they were used to fight any rebels and were engaged in a number of campaigns during their history. The Sarawak Rangers were disbanded for a few years in the 1930's, only to be reformed and mobilised for the Second World War in which they attempted to defend Sarawak from Japanese invasion in 1942 at the start of the Pacific War. After the abdication of Charles Vyner Brooke in 1946, the Sarawak Rangers became a colonial unit under direct British control and saw action in both the Malayan Emergency and the Borneo Confrontation
By and large the Brookes pursued a policy of paternalism, aimed at protecting the 'native peoples' from capitalist exploitation but also preventing the same levels of development which were evident in some other parts of the British Empire. While James laid much of the groundwork for the expansion of Sarawak, it was his nephew Charles who was the great builder, both in terms of public buildings, forts and extending the borders of the state.
The Brookes were determined to prevent the peoples of Sarawak from being 'exploited' by Western business interests and formed The Borneo Company to assist in managing the economy. The Borneo Company was also to provide military support to the Brookes during events such as the Chinese Rebellion when one of the company Steamers, The Sir James Brooke was used to assist in the recapture of Kuching.
The architectural legacy of the dynasty can be seen in many of the country's nineteenth century and colonial heritage buildings. In Kuching these include the Astana, or governor's residence, the Old Sarawak Museum, Fort Margherita, the Square Fort, the Old Courthouse and Brooke Memorial. Several key buildings from the Brooke period has been demolished, including the offices and warehouses of Borneo Company.
The period of Brooke rule is generally looked upon favourably in Sarawak, although successive post-federation Malaysian governments have attempted to downplay and to a certain extent, denounce the Brooke Raj. However, modern Kuching still boasts many businesses and attractions which capitalise upon the era of the White Rajahs. The Brooke Dockyard, which was founded in the period of Rajah Charles, is still in operation, as is the original Sarawak Museum. The James Brooke Café and the "Royalist", a pub named after Rajah James Schooner, pay tribute to the Brookes
Ahh the date is so near
Still waiting in vain for the so called declaration of 16 september. Currently trying to start the page with the History of the Kingdom of Sarawak. .Will start of from wikipedia and some collections from the net.... Here is the intro I've got from Youtube
четвъртък, 4 септември 2008 г.
16 September: Why the sudden anxiety?
For the past months we have been mesmerise by Anwar's theory that MP's from Sabah and Sarawak will jump ship to Pakatan Rakyat. now the latest news that Anwar is propagating and promoting that Malaysia should celeberate Malaysia Day that is 16th of September every year as the real "independence" of Malaysia. Maybe being so long outside of the government or just based on pure ignorance Sabah has been celebrating "Malaysia Day" since god knows when. Sarawakian not celebrating Malaysia day does not mean we are not as Malaysian as you folks from semenanjung. This blog is not another blog to defend any party or against any party but is just purely a blog that research and expose some of Sarawak rich hidden past.
Sarawakian youngsters is not aware that in 1939 the Kingdom of Sarawak was endorsed as an independence state by the United States of America. And also they least to understand why heroes like Datu Patinggi Abg Hj Abdillah insisted that Anthony Brooke to retain as the Rajah of Sarawak. I am trying to prove that Sarawak was independent on the 15th of September for 1 DAY before we join the Federation of Malaysia. And why people like the late Tun Ahmad Zaidi Adruce went all the way to fight the Federation of Malaysia.
All fact here is debateable an all additional info and comment is highly appreciated
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